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Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase Research

Publications

Complete Publication List of Xiang-Lei Yang, Ph.D

107. de Potter B, Vallee I, Camacho N, Filipe Costa Póvoas L, Bonsembiante A, Pons I Pons A, Eckhard U, Gomis-Rüth FX, Yang XL, Schimmel P, Kuhle B, Ribas de Pouplana L. Domain collapse and active site ablation generate a widespread animal mitochondrial seryl-tRNA synthetase. Nucleic Acids Res. 2023 Aug 28:gkad696. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad696. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37638745.

106. Jones JA, Wei N, Cui H, Shi Y, Fu G, Rauniyar N, Shapiro R, Morodomi Y, Berenst N, Dumitru CD, Kanaji S, Yates JR 3rd, Kanaji T, Yang XL. Nuclear translocation of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase may mediate a chronic "integrated stress response". Cell Rep. 2023 Jun 13;42(6):112632. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112632. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37314928. 

105. Liu H, Tang M, Yu H, Liu T, Cui Q, Gu L, Wu Z, Sheng N, Yang XL, Zeng L, Bai G. CMT2D neuropathy is influenced by vitamin D-mediated environmental pathway. J Mol Cell Biol. 2023 Apr 28:mjad029. doi: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad029. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37118880.

104. Sleigh JN, Villarroel-Campos D, Surana S, Wickenden T, Tong Y, Simkin RL, Vargas JNS, Rhymes ER, Tosolini AP, West SJ, Zhang Q, Yang XL, Schiavo G. Boosting peripheral BDNF rescues impaired in vivo axonal transport in CMT2D mice. JCI Insight. 2023 May 8;8(9):e157191. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.157191. PMID: 36928301; PMCID: PMC10243821.

103. Ermanoska B, Asselbergh B, Morant L, Petrovic-Erfurth ML, Hosseinibarkooie S, Leitão-Gonçalves R, Almeida-Souza L, Bervoets S, Sun L, Lee L, Atkinson D, Khanghahi A, Tournev I, Callaerts P, Verstreken P, Yang XL, Wirth B, Rodal AA, Timmerman V, Goode BL, Godenschwege TA, Jordanova A. Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase has a noncanonical function in actin bundling. Nat Commun. 2023 Mar 8;14(1):999. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-35908-3. PMID: 36890170; PMCID: PMC9995517.

102. Han L, Luo Z, Ju Y, Chen B, Zou T, Wang J, Xu J, Gu Q, Yang XL, Schimmel P, Zhou H. The binding mode of orphan glycyl-tRNA synthetase with tRNA supports the synthetase classification and reveals large domain movements. Sci Adv. 2023 Feb 10;9(6):eadf1027. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adf1027. Epub 2023 Feb 8. PMID: 36753552.

101. Morodomi Y, Kanaji S, Sullivan BM, Zarpellon A, Orje JN, Won E, Shapiro R, Yang XL, Ruf W, Schimmel P, Ruggeri ZM, Kanaji T. Inflammatory platelet production stimulated by tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase mimicking viral infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Nov 29;119(48):e2212659119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2212659119. Epub 2022 Nov 21. PMID: 36409883.

100. Kanaji S, Chen W, Morodomi Y, Shapiro R, Kanaji T, Yang XL. Mechanistic perspectives on anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase syndrome. Trends Biochem Sci. 2022 Oct 21:S0968-0004(22)00270-5. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.09.011. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36280495.

99. Gioelli N, Neilson LJ, Wei N, Villari G, Chen W, Kuhle B, Ehling M, Maione F, Willox S, Brundu S, Avanzato D, Koulouras G, Mazzone M, Giraudo E, Yang XL, Valdembri D, Zanivan S, Serini G. Neuropilin 1 and its inhibitory ligand mini-tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase inversely regulate VE-cadherin turnover and vascular permeability. Nat Commun. 2022 Jul 20;13(1):4188. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31904-1. PMID: 35858913.

98. Zhao J, Bai H, Li X, Yan J, Zou G, Wang L, Li X, Liu Z, Xiang R, Yang XL, Shi Y. Glucose-sensitive acetylation of Seryl tRNA synthetase regulates lipid synthesis in breast cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2021 Aug 16;6(1):303. doi: 10.1038/s41392-021-00714-0. PMID: 34400610; PMCID: PMC8368063.

97. Shi J, Zhang Y, Tan D, Zhang X, Yan M, Zhang Y, Franklin R, Shahbazi M, Mackinlay K, Liu S, Kuhle B, James ER, Zhang L, Qu Y, Zhai Q, Zhao W, Zhao L, Zhou C, Gu W, Murn J, Guo J, Carrell DT, Wang Y, Chen X, Cairns BR, Yang XL, Schimmel P, Zernicka-Goetz M, Cheloufi S, Zhang Y, Zhou T, Chen Q. (2021) PANDORA-seq expands the repertoire of regulatory small RNAs by overcoming RNA modifications. Nat Cell Biol.Apr;23(4):424-436. doi: 10.1038/s41556-021-00652-7. Epub 2021 Apr 5. Erratum in: Nat Cell Biol. 2021 Jun;23(6):676. PMID: 33820973.

96.  Ju Y, Han L, Chen B, Luo Z, Gu Q, Xu J, Yang XL, Schimmel P, Zhou H. (2021) X-shaped structure of bacterial heterotetrameric tRNA synthetase suggests cryptic prokaryote functions and a rationale for synthetase classifications. Nucleic Acids Res.Sep 27;49(17):10106-10119. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab707. PMID: 34390350

95. Chen B, Luo S, Zhang S, Ju Y, Gu Q, Xu J, Yang XL, Zhou H. Inhibitory mechanism of reveromycin A at the tRNA binding site of a class I synthetase. Nat Commun. 2021 Mar 12;12(1):1616. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21902-0.

94. Sun L, Wei N, Kuhle B, Blocquel D, Novick S, Matuszek Z, Zhou H, He W, Zhang J, Weber T., Horvath, R, Latour P, Pan T, Schimmel P, Griffin P, Yang X-L. (2021) CMT2N-causing aminoacylation domain mutants enable Nrp1 interaction with AlaRS.  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., March 2021, 118 (13) e2012898118; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012898118.

93.  Wang J, Vallee I, Dutta A, Wang Y, Mo Z, Liu Z, Cui H, Su AI, Yang XL. (2020) Multi-Omics Database Analysis of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases in Cancer. Genes (Basel). Nov 22;11(11). doi: 10.3390/genes11111384.

92. Shi Y, Liu Z, Zhang Q, Vallee I, Mo Z, Kishi S, Yang X-L. (2020) Phosphorylation of seryl-tRNA synthetase by ATM/ATR is essential for hypoxia-induced angiogenesis. PLos Biol 18(12):e3000991.

91. Zhang H, Yang X-L, Sun L. (2020) The uniqueness of AlaRS and its human disease connections. RNA Biol. DOI: 1080/15476286.2020.1861803.

90. Won E, Morodomi Y, Kanaji S, Shapiro R, Vo MN, Orje JN, Thornburg CD, Yang X-L, Ruggeri ZM, Schimmel P, Kanaji T. (2020) Extracellular tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase cleaved by plasma proteinases and stored in platelet a-granules: Potential role in monocyte activation.  Res Pract Thromb Haemost, 14: 1167-1177. 

89. Wang J, Yang X- (2020) Novel functions of cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases shaping the hallmarks of cancer. In L.R. de Pouplana & L.S. Kaguni (Eds). The Enzymes - Biology of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases (Volume 48, pp. 397-418) Academic Press.

88. Jiang L, Jones J, Yang X- (2020) Human diseases linked to cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, In L.R. de Pouplana & L.S. Kaguni (Eds). The Enzymes - Biology of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases (Volume 48, pp. 277-310) Academic Press.

87. Chen M, Kuhle B, Diedrich J, Liu Z, Moresco JJ, Yates JR Iii, Pan T, Yang X-L. (2020) Cross-editing by a tRNA synthetase allows vertebrates to abundantly express mischargeable tRNA without causing mistranslation. Nucleic Acids Res. 48(12):6445-6457.

86. Adams R, Fernandes-Cerqueira C, Notarnicola A, Mertsching E, Xu Z, Lo WS, Ogilvie K, Chiang KP, Ampudia J, Rosengren S, Cubitt A, King DJ, Mendlein JD, Yang X-L, Nangle LA, Lundberg IE, Jakobsson PJ, Schimmel P. (2019) Serum-circulating His-tRNA synthetase inhibits organ-targeted immune responses. Cell Mol Immunol. Dec 4. doi: 10.1038/s41423-019-0331-0. [Epub ahead of print]

85. Bervoets S, Wei N, Erfurth ML, Yusein-Myashkova S, Ermanoska, Mateiu L, Asselbergh B, Blocquel D, Kakad P, Penserga T, Thomas FP, Guergueltcheva V, Tournev I, Godenschwege T, Jordanova A, Yang X-L.  (2019) Transcriptional dysregulation by a nucleus-localized aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy.  Nat Commun. 2019 Nov 6;10(1):5045. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12909-9.

84. Morelli KH, Griffin LB, Pyne NK, Wallace LM, Fowler AM, Oprescu SN, Takase R, Wei N, Meyer-Schuman R, Mellacheruvu D, Kitzman JO, Kocen SG, Hines TJ, Spaulding EL, Lupski JR, Nesvizhskii, Mancias P, Butler IJ, Yang X-L, Hou YM, Antonellis A, Harper SQ, Burgess RW. (2019) Allele-specific RNA interference prevents neuropathy in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D mouse models.  J Clin Invest. 2019 Nov 11. pii: 130600. doi: 10.1172/JCI130600. [Epub ahead of print]

83. Blocquel D, Sun L, Matuszek Z, Li S, Weber T, Kuhle B, Kooi G, Wei N, Baets J, Pan T, Schimmel P, Yang X-L. (2019) CMT disease severity correlates with mutation-induced open conformation of histidyl-tRNA synthetase, not aminoacylation loss, in patient cells. PNAS, Sep 9. pii: 201908288. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1908288116. [Epub ahead of print].

82. Wei N, Zhang Q, Yang X-L. (2019) Neurodegenerative Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease as a case study to decipher novel functions of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. J Biol Chem294(14):5321-5339.

81. Kanaji T, Vo MN, Kanaji S, Zarpellon A, Shapiro R, Morodomi Y, Yuzuriha A, Eto K, Belani R, Do MH, Yang X-L, Ruggeri ZM, Schimmel P. (2018) Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase stimulates thrombopoietin-independent hematopoiesis accelerating recovery from thrombocytopenia. PNAS, 115(35):E8228-E8235.

80. Xu Z, Lo WS, Beck DB, Schuch LA, Oláhová M, Kopajtich R, Chong YE, Alston CL, Seidl E, Zhai L, Lau CF, Timchak D, LeDuc CA, Borczuk AC, Teich AF, Juusola J, Sofeso C, Müller C, Pierre G, Hilliard T, Turnpenny PD, Wagner M, Kappler M, Brasch F, Bouffard JP, Nangle LA, Yang X-L, Zhang M, Taylor RW, Prokisch H, Griese M, Chung WK, Schimmel P. (2018) Bi-allelic Mutations in Phe-tRNA Synthetase Associated with a Multi-system Pulmonary Disease Support Non-translational Function. Am J Hum Genet, 103(1):100-114.

79. Chong YE, Guo M, Yang X-L, Kuhle B, Naganuma M, Sekine SI, Yokoyama S, Schimmel P. (2018) Distinct ways of G:U recognition by conserved tRNA binding motifs. PNAS, 15(29):7527-7532.

78. Mo, Z., Zhao, X. Liu, H., Hu, Q., Chen, X., Pham, J., Wei, N., Liu, Z., Zhou, J., Burgess, R. W., Pfaff, S. L., Caskey, C. T., Wu, C., Bai, G., Yang, X-L (2018) Aberrant GlyRS-HDAC6 interaction links to axonal transport deficit in Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. Nat. Commun. DOI:10.1038/s41467-018-03461-z

77. Limsakul P, Peng Q, Wu Y, Allen ME, Liang J, Remacle AG, Lopez T, Ge X, Kay BK, Zhao H, Strongin AY, Yang X-L, Lu S, Wang Y. (2018) Directed Evolution to Engineer Monobody for FRET Biosensor Assembly and Imaging at Live-Cell Surface. Cell Chem Biol, 25(4): 370-379.

76. Xu, X., Zhou, H., Zhou, Q., Hong, F., Vo, MN, Niu, W., Wang, Z., Xiong, X., Nakamura, K., Wakasugi, K., Schimmel, P., Yang, X-L. (2017) An alternative conformation of human TrpRS suggests a role of zinc in activating non-enzymatic function. RNA  Biol. Sep 14:1-10. doi: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1377868. 

75. Sleigh, J.N., Gómez-Martín, A., Wei, N., Bai, G., Yang, X.-L., and Schiavo, G. (2017) Neuropilin 1 sequestration by neuropathogenic mutant glycyl-tRNA synthetase is permissive to vascular homeostasis. Scientific Reports7:9216

74. Blocquel, D., Li, S., Wei, N., Daub, H., Sajish, M., Erfurth, M-L., Kooi, G., Zhou, J., Bai, G., Schimmel, P., Jordanova, A., Yang, X.-L. (2017) Alternative stable conformation capable of protein misinteraction links tRNA synthetase to peripheral neuropathy.  Nucleic Acids Res., 45:8091-8104.

73. Sleigh, J.N., Dawes, J.M., West, S.J., Wei, N., Spaulding, E.L., Gómez-Martín, A., Zhang, Q., Burgess, R.W., Cader, M.Z., Talbot, K., Yang, X.-L., Bennett, D.L., Schiavo, G. (2017) Trk receptor signaling and sensory neuron fate are perturbed in human neuropathy caused by Gars mutations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 114:E3324-E3333.

72. Atkinson, D., Nikodinovic Glumac, J., Asselbergh, B., Ermanoska, B., Blocquel, D., Steiner, R., Estrada-Cuzcana, A., Peeters, K., Ooms, T., De Vriendt, E., Yang, X-L., Hornemann, T., Milic Rasic, V., Jordanova, A. (2017) Sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase deficiency causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy.  Neurology 88:533-542.

71. Shi, Y., Wei. N., Yang, X-L. (2017). Studying nuclear functions of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. Methods 113:105-110.

70. Sun, L., Song, Y., Blocquel, D., Yang, X-L., and Schimmel, P. (2016). Two crystal structures reveal design for repurposing the C-Ala domain of human AlaRS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A.  113: 14300-14305

69. Sun L., Gomes, AC., He, W., Zhou, H., Wang, X., Pan, DW., Schimmel, Pan, T., Yang, X-L. (2016). Evolutionary Gain of Alanine Mischarging to Noncognate tRNAs with a G4:U69 base pair. J. Am Chem Soc. 138:12948-12955.

68. Mo, Z., Zhang, Q., Lauer, J., Shi, Y., Sun, L., Griffin, P.R., Yang, X-L. (2016). Neddylation requires glycyl-tRNA synthetase to protect activated E2.  Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 23:730-737.

67. Wei, Z., Xu, Z., Lo, W.S., Ye, F., Lau, C.F., Wang, F., Zhou, J.J., Nangle, L.A., Yang, X-L., Zhang M., Schimmel, P. (2016) Alternative splicing creates two new architectures for human tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. Nucleic Acids Res. 44: 1247-1255.

66. He, W., Bai, G., Zhou, H., Wei, N., White, M. N., Lauer, J., Liu, H., Shi, Y., Dumitru, C. D., Lettieri, K., Shubayev, V., Jordanova, A., Guergueltcheva, V., Griffin, P. L., Burgess, R. W., Pfaff, S. L., and Yang, X.-L. (2015). CMT2D neuropathy is linked to the neomorphic binding activity of glycyl-tRNA synthetase. Nature 526: 710-714.

65. Niehues, S., Bussmann, J., Steffes, G., Erdmann, I., Kohrer, C., Sun, L., Wagner, M., Schafer, K., Wang, G., Koerdt, S. N., Stum, M., RajBhandary, U. L., Thomas, U., Aberle, H., Burgess, R. W., Yang, X.-L., Dieterich, D., and Storkebaum, E. (2015). Impaired protein translation in Drosophila models for Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy caused by mutant tRNA synthetases. Nat. Commun. 6: 7520.

64. Yang, X.-L. (2014). tRNA-derived G-quadruplex protects motor neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 111: 18108-18109.

63. Wei, N., Shi, Y., Truong, L. N., Fisch, K. M., Xu, T., Gardiner, E., Fu, G., Hsu, Y. S., Kishi, S., Su, A. I., Wu, X., and Yang, X.-L. (2014). Oxidative stress diverts tRNA synthetase to nucleus for protection against DNA damage. Mol. Cell 56: 323-332.

62. Ishimura, R., Nagy, G., Dotu, I., Zhou, H., Yang, X.-L., Schimmel, P,. Senju, S., Nishimura, Y., Chuang. J. H., and Ackerman, S. L. (2014). Ribosome stalling induced by mutation of a CNS-specific tRNA causes neurodegeneration. Science 345: 455-459.

61. Lo, W.-S., Gardiner, E., Xu, Z., Lau, C.-F., Wang, F., Zhou, J. J., Mendlein, J. D., Nangle, L. A., Chiang, K. P., Yang, X.-L., Au, K.-F., Wong, W. H., Guo, M., Zhang, M., and Schimmel, P. (2014). Human tRNA synthetase catalytic nulls with diverse functions. Science 345: 328-332.

60. Naganuma, M., Sekine, S., Chong, Y. E., Guo, M., Yang, X.-L., Gamper, H., Hou, Y.-M., Schimmel, P., and Yokoyama, S. (2014). The selective tRNA aminoacylation mechanism based on a single G·U pair. Nature 510: 507-511.

59. Shi, Y., Xu, X., Zhang, Q., Fu, G., Mo, Z., Wang, G. S., Kishi, S., and Yang, X.-L.* (2014). tRNA synthetase counteracts c-Myc to develop functional vasculature. eLife 3: e02349. (*Corresponding author).

58. Zhou, M. J., Wang, F., Xu, Z., Lo, W.-S., Lau, C.-F., Chiang, K. P., Nangle, L. A., Ashlock, M. A., Mendlein, J. D., Yang, X.-L., Zhang, M., and Schimmel, P. (2014). Secreted histidyl-tRNA synthetase splice variants elaborate major epitopes for autoantibodies in inflammatory myositis. J. Biol. Chem. 289: 19269-19275.

57. Yang, X.-L. (2013). Structural disorder in expanding the functionome of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Chem. Biol. 20: 1093-1099.

56. Guo, M. and Yang, X.-L. (2014). Architecture and metamorphosis. Top. Curr. Chem. 344: 89–118. (Epub 2013).

55. Wang, F., Xu, Z., Zhou, J. J., Lo, W. S., Lau, C. F., Nangle, L. A., Yang, X.-L., Zhang, M., and Schimmel, P. (2013). Regulated capture by exosomes of mRNAs for cytoplasmic tRNA synthetases. J. Biol. Chem. 288: 29223-29228.

54. Xu, X., Shi, Y., and Yang, X.-L.* (2013). Crystal structure of human seryl-tRNA synthetase and Ser-SA complex reveals a molecular lever specific to higher eukaryotes. Structure 21: 2078-2086 (*Corresponding author).

53. Gonzalez, M., McLaughlin, H., Houlden, H., Guo, M., Yo-Tsen, L., Hadjivassilious, M., Speziani, F., Yang, X.-L., Antonellis, A., Reilly, M..M., and Züchner, S. (2013). Exome sequencing identifies a significant variant in methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MARS) in a family with late-onset CMT2. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 84: 1247-1249.

52. Zhou, H., Sun, L., Yang, X.-L., and Schimmel, P. (2013). ATP-directed capture of bioactive herbal-based medicine on human tRNA synthetase. Nature 494: 121–124.

51. Ofir-Birin, Y., Fang, P., Bennett, S. P., Zhang, H.-M., Wang, J., Rachmin, I., Shapiro, R., Song, J., Dagan, A., Pozo, J., Kim, S., Marshall, A. G., Schimmel, P., Yang, X.-L., Nechushtan, H., Razin, E., and Guo, M. (2013). Structural switch of lysyl-tRNA synthetase between translation and transcription. Mol. Cell 49: 30–42.

50. Xu, Z., Wei, Z., Zhou, J. J., Ye, F., Lo, W. S., Wang, F., Lau, C. F., Wu, J., Nangle, L. A., Chiang, K. P., Yang, X.-L., Zhang, M., and Schimmel, P. (2012). Internally deleted human tRNA synthetase suggests evolutionary pressure for repurposing. Structure 20: 1470–1477.

49. Lee, P. S., Zhang, H.-M., Marshall, A. G., Yang, X.-L., and Schimmel, P. (2012). Uncovering of a short internal peptide activates a tRNA synthetase procytokine. J. Biol. Chem. 287: 20504-20508.

48. Sajish, M., Zhou, Q., Kishi, S., Valdez Jr, D. M., Kapoor, M., Guo, M., Lee, S., Kim, S., Yang, X.-L., and Schimmel, P. (2012). Trp-tRNA synthetase bridges DNA-PKcs to PARP-1 to link IFN-γ and p53 signaling. Nat. Chem. Biol. 8: 547-554.

47. Park, M. C., Kang, T., Jin, D., Han, J. M., Kim, S. B., Park, Y. J., Cho, K., Park, Y. W., Guo, M., He, W., Yang, X.-L., Schimmel, P., and Kim, S. (2012). Secreted human glycyl-tRNA synthetase implicated in defense against ERK-activated tumorigenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 109: E640-647.

46. Xu, X., Shi, Y., Zhang, H.-M., Swindell, E. C., Marshall, A. G., Guo, M., Kishi, S., and Yang, X.-L.* (2012). Unique domain appended to vertebrate tRNA synthetase is essential for vascular development. Nat. Commun. 3: 681. (*Corresponding author).

45. Fu, G., Xu, T., Shi, Y., Wei, N., Yang, X.-L.* (2012). tRNA-controlled nuclear import of a human tRNA synthetase. J. Biol. Chem. 287: 9330-9334. (*Corresponding author).

44. Motley, W. W., Seburn, K. L., Nawaz, M. H., Miers, K. E., Cheng, J., Antonellis, A., Green, E. D., Talbot, K., Yang, X.-L., Fischbeck, K. H., and Burgess, R. W. (2011). Charcot-Marie-Tooth-linked mutant GARS is toxic to peripheral neurons independent of wild-type GARS levels. PLoS Genet. 7: e1002399.

43. Yang, X.-L.* and Schimmel, P. (2011). Functional expansion of the tRNA world under stress. Mol. Cell 43: 500-502. (*Corresponding author).

42. He, W., Zhang, H.-M., Chong, Y. E., Guo, M., Marshall, A. G., and Yang, X.-L.* (2011). Dispersed disease-causing neomorphic mutations on a single protein promote the same localized conformational opening. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 108: 12307-12312. (*Corresponding author).

41. Fang, P., Zhang, H.-M., Shapiro, R., Marshall, A. G., Schimmel, P., Yang, X.-L.*, and Guo, M. (2011). Structural context for mobilization of a human tRNA synthetase from its cytoplasmic complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 108: 8239-8244. (*Co-corresponding author).

40. Nawaz, M. H., Merriman, E., Yang, X.-L., and Schimmel, P. (2011). p23H implicated as cis/trans regulator of AlaXp-directed editing for mammalian cell homeostasis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 108: 2723-2728.

39. Vo, M. N., Yang, X.-L.* and Schimmel, P. (2011). Dissociating quaternary structure regulates cell-signaling functions of a secreted human tRNA synthetase. J. Biol. Chem. 286: 11563-11568. (*Co-corresponding author).

38. Guo, M., Shapiro, R., Morris, G. M., Yang, X.-L., and Schimmel, P. (2010). Packaging HIV virion components through dynamic equilibria of a human tRNA synthetase. J. Phys. Chem. 114: 16273-16279.

37. Han, G. W., Yang, X.-L., et al. (2010). Structure of a tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase containing an iron-sulfur cluster. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. 66: 1326-1334.

36. Guo, M., Yang, X.-L. and Schimmel, P. (2010). New functions of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases beyond translation. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 11: 668-674.

35. Guo, M., Shapiro, R., Schimmel, P. and Yang, X.-L.* (2010). Introduction of a leucine half-zipper engenders multiple high-quality crystals of a recalcitrant tRNA synthetase. Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. 66: 243-250. (*Corresponding author).

34. Guo, M., Schimmel, P., and Yang, X.-L.* (2010). Functional expansion of human tRNA synthetases achieved by structural inventions. FEBS Lett. 584: 434-442. (*Corresponding author).

33. Zhou, Q., Kapoor, M., Guo, M., Belani, R., Xu, X., Kiosses, W. B., Hanan M., ParK, C., Armour, E., Do, M.-H., Nangle, L. A., Schimmel, P., and Yang, X.-L.* (2010). Orthogonal use of a human tRNA synthetase active site to achieve multifunctionality. Nat. Struc. Mol. Biol. 17: 57-61. (*Corresponding author).

32. Guo, M., Chong, Y. E., Shapiro, R., Beebe, K., Yang, X.-L., and Schimmel, P. (2009). Paradox of mistranslation of serine for alanine caused by AlaRS recognition dilemma. Nature 462: 808-812.

31. Guo, R.-T., Chong, Y. E., Guo, M., and Yang, X.-L.* (2009). Crystal structures and biochemical analyses suggest a unique mechanism and role for human glycl-tRNA synthetase in Ap4A homeostasis. J. Biol. Chem. 284: 28968-28976. (*Corresponding author).

30. Guo, M., Chong, Y. E., Beebe, K., Shapiro, R., Yang, X.-L., and Schimmel, P. (2009). The C-Ala domain brings together editing and aminoacylation functions on one tRNA. Science 325: 744-747.

29. Storkebaum, E., Leitão-Gonçalves, R., Godenschwege, T., Nangle, L., Mejia, M., Bosmans, I., Ooms, T., Jacobs, A., Van Dijck, P., Yang, X.-L., Schimmel, P., Norga, K., Timmerman, V., Callaerts, P., and Jordanova, A. (2009). Dominant mutations in the tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase gene recapitulate in Drosophila features of human Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 106: 11782-11787.

28. Kapoor, M., Otero, F. J., Slike, B. M., Ewalt, K. L., and Yang, X.-L.* (2009). Mutational separation of aminoacylation and cytokine activities of human tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. Chem. Biol. 16: 531–539. (*Corresponding author).

27. Chong, Y. E., Yang, X.-L., and Schimmel, P. (2008). Natural homolog of tRNA synthetase editing domain rescues conditional lethality caused by mistranslation. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 30073-30078.

26. Cheng, G., Zhang, H., Yang X.-L., Tzima, E., Ewalt, K. L., Schimmel, P., and Faber, J. E. (2008). Effect of mini-tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase on ischemic angiogenesis, leukocyte recruitment and vascular permeability. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 295: R1138-1146.

25. Guo, M., Ignatov, M., Musier-Forsyth, K., Schimmel, P., and Yang, X.-L.* (2008). Crystal structure of tetrameric form of human lysyl-tRNA synthetase: Implications for multisynthetase complex formation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 105: 2331-2336. (*Corresponding author).

24. Greenberg, Y., Kiosses, W. B., Ewalt, K., Yang, X.-L., Schimmel, P., Reader, J. S., and Tzima, E. (2008). The novel fragment of tyrosyl tRNA synthetase, mini-TyrRS, is secreted to induce an angiogenic response in endothelial cells. FASEB J. 22: 1597-1605.

23. Kapoor, M., Zhou, Q., Otero, F., Myers, C. A., Bates, A., Belani, R., Liu, J., Luo, J. K., Tzima, E., Zhang, D.-E., Yang, X.-L., and Schimmel P. (2008). Evidence for annexin II/S100A10 complex and plasmin in mobilization of cytokine activity of human TrpRS. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 2070-2077.

22. Yang, X.-L.*, Kapoor, M., Otero, F. J., Slike, B. Tsuruta, H., Frausto, R., Bates, A., Ewalt, K. L., Cheresh, D. A., and Schimmel, P. (2007). Gain-of-function mutational activation of human tRNA synthetase procytokine. Chem. Biol. 14: 1323-1333. (*Corresponding author).

21. Nangle, L. A., Zhang, W., Xie, W., Yang, X.-L.,* and Schimmel, P. (2007). Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease-associated mutant tRNA synthetases linked to altered dimer interface and neurite distribution defect. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 104: 11239-11244. (*Co-corresponding author).

20. Xie, W., Nangle, L. A., Zhang, W., Schimmel, P., and Yang, X.-L.* (2007). Long-range structural effects of a Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease-causing mutation in human glycyl-tRNA synthetase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 104: 9976-9981. (*Co-corresponding author).

19. Yang, X.-L.*, Guo, M., Kapoor, M., Ewalt, K. L., Otero, F. J., Skene, R. J., McRee, D. E., and Schimmel, P. (2007). Functional and crystal structure analysis of active site adaptations of a potent anti-angiogenic human tRNA synthetase. Structure 15: 793-805. (*Corresponding author).

18. Schimmel, P. and Yang, X.-L. (2006). Perfecting the genetic code with an RNP complex. Structure 14: 1729-1730.

17. Xie, W., Schimmel, P., and Yang, X.-L.* (2006). Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of a native human tRNA synthetase whose allelic variants are associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. 62: 1243-1246. (*Corresponding author).

16. Yang, X.-L.*, Otero, F. J. , Ewalt, K. L., Liu, J., Swairjo, M. A., Kohrer, C., RajBhandary, U. L., Skene, R. J., McRee, D. E., and Schimmel, P. (2006). Two conformations of a crystalline human tRNA synthetase-tRNA complex: Implications for protein synthesis. EMBO J. 25: 2919-2929. (*Corresponding author).

15. Ewalt, K. L., Yang, X.-L., Otero, F. J., Liu, J., Slike, B., and Schimmel, P. (2005). Variant of human enzyme sequesters reactive intermediate. Biochemistry 44: 4216-4221.

14. Schimmel, P. and Yang, X.-L. (2004). Two classes give lessons about CCA. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 11: 807-808.

13. Yang, X.-L., Schimmel, P., and Ewalt, K. L. (2004). Relationship of two human tRNA synthetases used in cell signaling. Trends Biochem. Sci. 29: 250-256.

12. Swairjo, M. A., Otero, F. J., Yang, X.-L., Lovato, M. A., Skene, R. J., McRee, D. E., Ribas de Pouplana, L., and Schimmel, P. (2004). Alanyl-tRNA synthetase crystal structure and design for acceptor-stem recognition. Mol. Cell 13: 829-841.

11. Yang, X.-L., Otero, F. J. , Skene, R. J., McRee, D. E., Schimmel, P., and Ribas de Pouplana, L. (2003). Crystal structures that suggest late development of genetic code components for differentiating aromatic side chains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 100: 15376-15380.

10. Yang, X.-L, Liu, J., Skene, R. J., McRee, D. E., and Schimmel, P. (2003). Crystal structure of an EMAP-II-like cytokine released from a human tRNA synthetase. Helv. Chim. Acta. 86: 1246-1257.

9. Liu, J., Yang, X.-L, Ewalt, K. L., and Schimmel, P. (2002). Mutational switching of a yeast tRNA synthetase into a mammalian-like synthetase cytokine. Biochemistry 41: 14232-14237.

8. Yang, X.-L., Skene, R. J., McRee, D. E., and Schimmel, P. (2002). Crystal structure of a human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase cytokine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 99: 15369-15374.

7. Robinson, H., Gao, Y.-G., Yang, X.-L., Sanishvili, R., Joachimiak, A., and Wang, A. H.-J. (2001). Crystallographic analysis of a novel complex of actinomycin D bound to the DNA decamer CGATCGATCG. Biochemistry 40: 5587-5592.

6. Yang, X.-L., Robinson H, Gao, Y.-G., and Wang, A. H.-J. (2000). Binding of a macrocyclic bisacridine and ametantrone to CGTACG involves similar unusual intercalation platforms. Biochemistry 39: 10950-10957.

5. Yang, X.-L., Hubbard IV, R. B., Lee, M., Tao, Z.-F., Sugiyama, H., and Wang, A. H.-J. (1999). Imidazole-imidazole pair as a minor groove recognition motif for T:G mismatched base pairs. Nucleic Acids Res. 27: 4183-4190.

4. Yang, X.-L., Kaenzig, C., Lee, M., and Wang, A. H.-J. (1999). Binding of AR-1-144, a tri-imidazole DNA minor groove binder, to CCGG sequence analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. Eur. J. Biochem. 263: 646-655.

3. Yang, X.-L. and Wang, A. H.-J. (1999). Structural studies of atom-specific anticancer drugs acting on DNA. Pharmacol. Ther. 83: 181-215.

2. Yang, X.-L., Sugiyama, H., Ikeda, S., Saito, I., and Wang, A. H.-J. (1998). Structural studies of a stable parallel-stranded DNA duplex incorporating isoguanine:cytosine and isocytosine:guanine basepairs by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Biophysical J. 75: 1163-1171.

1. Yang, X.-L. and Wang, A. H.-J. (1997). Structural analysis of Z-Z DNA junctions with A:A and T:T mismatched base pairs by NMR. Biochemistry 36: 4258-4267.

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